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Jing Xiang
Jing Xiang (敬翔) (died November 20, 923?〔(Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter ).〕〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 272.〕〔The ''Zizhi Tongjian'' stated that Jing Xiang committed suicide upon hearing that his colleague Li Zhen had gone to the palace to beg Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang for pardon, which implied, but did not clearly state, that it was the morning of November 20, as that was the day when the Later Liang officials went to beg for pardon.〕), courtesy name Zizhen (子振), formally the Marquess of Pingyang (平陽侯), was the chief strategist of the late Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty warlord Zhu Quanzhong, who assisted Zhu in his consolidation of central China, which Zhu eventually established as a new Later Liang (as its Emperor Taizu) to replace Tang. Jing served in prominent roles in Emperor Taizu's administration and later administrations of his sons Zhu Yougui and Zhu Zhen, although neither listened much to Jing. After Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin — the chief rival state to Later Liang — launched a surprise attack on the Later Liang capital Daliang in 923, Zhu Zhen, facing defeat and capture, committed suicide, ending Later Liang. Jing, hearing of the state's destruction, also committed suicide.
== Background ==
It is not known when Jing Xiang was born. His family was from Fengyi (馮翊, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi) and was descended from the middle-Tang Dynasty chancellor Jing Hui. His great-grandfather Jing Wan (敬琬) and father Jing Gun (敬袞) both served as prefectural prefects, while his grandfather Jing Xin (敬忻) served as a prefectural governmental administrator. It was said that Jing Xiang, in his youth, was studious, and was particularly skillful at using knife-pens (i.e., knives that were used to carve text on bamboo). During the middle of ''Qianfu'' era (874-879) of Emperor Xizong, Jing submitted himself for imperial examinations but was not able to pass in the ''Jinshi'' class.〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 18.〕
After the major agrarian rebel Huang Chao captured the Tang imperial capital Chang'an around the new year 881,〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 254.〕 Jing left the Guanzhong region (i.e., the region around Chang'an), eventually going to Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), where, after Huang was expelled from the Chang'an region by Tang forces, his former subordinate Zhu Quanzhong, who had turned against him and became a Tang general, had been made the military governor (''Jiedushi''). Zhu's assistant in his role as governor (觀察使, ''Guanchashi''), Wang Fa (王發), was from the same locale as Jing, and Jing initially went to follow Wang. Wang treated him well, but had no opportunity to recommend him to Zhu. Jing, unable to distinguish himself, resorted to writing snippets of witty words and passing them around in Zhu's army. This impressed Zhu, who was not well-learned and did not like to read but who liked witty words. He thus summoned Jing to his presence and initially offered him an officer position. However, Jing did not want to be an army officer and requested a civilian position, and therefore was initially made the overseer of the communication station at Xuanwu, to be in charge of communiques with the imperial government and other circuits. During Zhu's subsequent campaigns against the rebel general Qin Zongquan, who declared himself emperor at Cai Prefecture (蔡州, in modern Zhumadian, Henan), Jing participated in the strategy sessions. Zhu was impressed by Jing's strategies, and after Qin's destruction became particularly trusting of Jing.〔
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